The Tower of London, which William the Conqueror began building in the 11th century, served as a barracks, armory, menagerie, mint, record office and royal prison over the centuries. Notable inmates included two wives of Henry VIII, Anne Boleyn and Katherine Howard; Sir Walter Ralegh; Elizabeth I before she became queen of England; and, during World War II, Adolf Hitler associate Rudolf Hess.
It also houses the crown jewels, an extensive permanent collection of armor and rotating history exhibitions.